Physical exercise and its effects on people with Parkinson's disease: Umbrella review.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative, complex and progressive, manifesting in a slow and irreversible way. Physical exercise has been proposed as therapeutic alternative to people with Parkinson´s disease. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize knowledge about the effects of physical exercise on people with Parkinson´s Disease as presented by published systematic reviews. METHODS: Nine electronic databases and two grey literature databases were searched for systematic reviews reporting the effects of physical exercises on people with Parkinson´s Disease. Searches involved a two-phase process, by, at least, two independent reviewers. Methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2. RESULTS: From 2,122 systematic reviews, 139 were included. Motor outcomes were assessed in 91% of the studies, with balance being the most studied. Non-motor outcomes were assessed in 68% of the studies, with emphasis on quality of life. Physical exercises were classified into five categories: aerobic exercises, strength, combined, sensorimotor activities and other activity protocols. Findings of the systematic reviews suggest that all exercise categories can be prescribed to improve balance and mobility, while combined exercises, strength, and specific activities improve both motor and non-motor outcomes, and aerobic exercise and sensorimotor activities improve motor outcomes. CONCLUSION: Current evidence from systematic reviews suggests that physical exercises impacts both motor and non-motor outcomes in people with Parkinson´s Disease. Limits in evidence provided by the systematic reviews were related to methodological issues and to the description of the interventions and must be considered to improve decision-making and clinical application.

Strategies to promote knowledge translation in primary health care: scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map the strategies used by health professionals to promote knowledge translation in Primary Health Care and to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of scientific evidence. METHOD: Scoping review with search in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and gray literature, in April 2022, using the terms "translational medical research", "knowledge translation", "primary health care". The PRISMA-ScR was used to report the review. RESULTS: 56 studies included. Several strategies were identified and grouped into: educational material, training, websites, educational outreach, knowledge translation networks, local facilitators, feedback and public promotion. High demand for services and content without practical information represented barriers, while assessing the context, involving stakeholders and the presence of local facilitators ease theuse of evidence. CONCLUSION: The most used strategies were educational material and training. Overcoming barriers is essential to bridging the gap between evidence and practice.

Physical exercise interventions for people with Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric review of systematic reviews / Intervenções de exercícios físicos para pessoas com doença de Parkinson: uma revisão bibliométrica de revisões sistemáticas

This bibliometric study aimed to characterize published systematic reviews assessing the effects of physical exercise on people with Parkinson's disease. Eligible studies were searched in Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE via PubMed databases. No date or language restrictions were applied. Studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and the results were uploaded to Bibliometrix 4.0 for R for bibliometric analysis. A total of 146 studies were included in the analysis, with the first one having been published in 2005. The annual growth rate was 14.72%, with an average publication time of 3.72 years. Themes based on indexed keywords represented elements of the PICO question, namely Parkinson's disease, exercise, therapy, rehabilitation, and outcomes such as gait, balance, and quality of life. A considerable number of systematic reviews addressing the effects of physical exercise interventions on people with Parkinson's disease have been published since the mid-2000s. Systematic reviews were first published by countries with long-established older populations. Exercise-based interventions and their effects on gait, balance, and quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease have been the focus of the most recent reviews

Este estudo bibliométrico teve como objetivo caracterizar as revisões sistemáticas que avaliaram os efeitos do exercício físico em pessoas com doença de Parkinson. Estudos elegíveis foram pesquisados nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Cochrane e United States National Library of Medicine ­ MEDLINE via PubMed. Nenhuma restrição de data ou idioma foi adotada. Os estudos foram selecionados com base nos critérios de inclusão, e os resultados foram carregados no Bibliometrix 4.0 para R para análise bibliométrica. No total, foram incluídos 146 estudos na análise, o primeiro dos quais foi publicado em 2005. Verificou-se taxa de crescimento anual de 14,72%, com tempo médio de publicação de 3,72 anos. Temas baseados em palavras-chave indexadas representam elementos da questão problema, intervenção, controle e outcome ­ PICO, ou seja, doença de Parkinson, exercício, terapia, reabilitação e resultados, como marcha, equilíbrio e qualidade de vida. Um número considerável de revisões sistemáticas que abordam o efeito de intervenções de exercícios físicos em pessoas com doença de Parkinson foi publicado desde meados dos anos 2000. Revisões sistemáticas foram publicadas pela primeira vez por países com uma população idosa estabelecida há muito tempo. Intervenções baseadas em exercícios e seus efeitos na marcha, no equilíbrio e na qualidade de vida de pessoas com doença de Parkinson têm sido o foco das revisões mais recentes

Bixa orellana L. (Achiote, Annatto) as an antimicrobial agent: A scoping review of its efficiency and technological prospecting.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bixa orellana L. is reported to have numerous applications in traditional medicine and pharmacological properties such as wound healing, analgesic, hemostatic, and antioxidant activities. Recently, the literature has shown scientific interest of its antimicrobial properties aiming the development of cost-effective phytotherapeutic agents. However, no literature are available in witch the antimicrobial and technological prospecting are summarized. AIM OF STUDY: This study aimed to systematically review articles and patents related to the antimicrobial activity of B. orellana. METHODS: The review followed the guidelines proposed by The Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Two reviewers performed a literature search up to November 2021 in eight databases: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Scifinder, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Scielo, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. The following databases for the patent search were analyzed: United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Google Patents, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and Espacenet (European Patent Office, EPO). The grey literature was searched using the ProQuest Dissertations and Periódicos Capes Theses database. The methodological quality and risk of bias in the included studies were carried out using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3.5. RESULTS: After analyzing the 47 studies and five patents fulfilled all the criteria and were included in the present investigation. The evidence suggests that this herbal medicine is effective against several fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, being more effective to Gram-negative bacteria. Regarding the risk of bias and methodological quality analysis, most studies a high risk of bias related to random sequence generation and allocation concealment. CONCLUSION: Up to now, the evidence in the literature suggests that the use of B. orellana preparations for antimicrobial preparations has some effectiveness. However, further research is needed using standard B. orellana preparations to determine their effectiveness as antimicrobial agents and expanding their application at an industrial level, in addition in vivo studies are needed for this confirmation.

Strategies to promote knowledge translation in primary health care: scoping review / Estrategias para promover la traducción del conocimiento en la atención primaria de salud: revisión de alcance / Estratégias para promover a translação do conhecimento na atenção primária à saúde: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: To map the strategies used by health professionals to promote knowledge translation in Primary Health Care and to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of scientific evidence. Method: Scoping review with search in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and gray literature, in April 2022, using the terms "translational medical research", "knowledge translation", "primary health care". The PRISMA-ScR was used to report the review. Results: 56 studies included. Several strategies were identified and grouped into: educational material, training, websites, educational outreach, knowledge translation networks, local facilitators, feedback and public promotion. High demand for services and content without practical information represented barriers, while assessing the context, involving stakeholders and the presence of local facilitators ease theuse of evidence. Conclusion: The most used strategies were educational material and training. Overcoming barriers is essential to bridging the gap between evidence and practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear las estrategias utilizadas por los profesionales de la salud para promover la traducción del conocimiento en la Atención Primaria de Salud e identificar barreras y facilitadores para el uso de la evidencia científica. Método: Scopingreview con búsqueda en PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS y literatura gris, en abril de 2022, utilizando los términos "translational medical research", "knowledge translation", "primary health care". PRISMA-ScR se utilizó para informar la revisión. Resultados: Se incluyeron 56 estudios. Se identificaron varias estrategias y se agruparon en: material educativo, capacitación, sitios web, extensión educativa, redes de traducción del conocimiento, facilitadores locales, retroalimentación y promoción pública. La alta demanda de servicios y contenidos sin información práctica representó barreras, mientras que la evaluación del contexto, la participación de todos los actores y la presencia de facilitadores locales facilitan el uso de la evidencia científica. Conclusión: Las estrategias más utilizadas fueron el material educativo y la capacitación. Superar las barreras es esencial para cerrar la brecha entre la evidencia y la práctica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear as estratégias utilizadas pelos profissionais de saúde para promover a translação do conhecimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde e identificar barreiras e facilitadores para o uso de evidências científicas. Método: Scopingreview com busca no PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS e literatura cinzenta, em abril de 2022, baseado nos termos "translational medical research", "knowledge translation","primary health care".Utilizou PRISMA-ScR para relato da revisão. Resultados: 56 estudos incluídos. Diversas estratégias foram identificadas e agrupadas em: material educacional, capacitação, websites, extensão educacional, redes de translação do conhecimento, facilitadores locais, feedback e promoção pública.Alta demanda por atendimentos e conteúdos sem informações práticas representaram barreiras, enquanto, avaliar o contexto, envolver as partes interessadas e presença de facilitadores locais facilitam a utilização de evidências. Conclusão: As estratégias mais utilizadas foram material educacional e capacitação. Superar as barreiras é essencial para minimizar a lacuna entre as evidências e prática.

Effect of whitening mouth rinses on the chemical and physical properties of a nanofilled composite

Aim: This study analyzed the effect of whitening mouth rinses on water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), color change, and surface roughness of a nanofilled composite. Whitening perceptibility and acceptability (WID) were also studied. Methods: Forty specimens of Filtek Z350XT, shade EA2 were produced and randomly distributed (n=8) to AS ­ artificial saliva (control); LWE ­ Listerine Whitening Extreme; CLW ­ Colgate Luminous White; LCM ­ Listerine Cool Mint; and CP ­ Colgate Plax. They were immersed in the mouth rinses 2x/day, for one minute, during 28 days. The color was assessed using an Easyshade spectrophotometer (CIE-L*a*b* system). Surface roughness (Ra-µm) was measured with three parallel measures, using an RP-200 roughness meter. The WS and SL (µg/mm-3) were analyzed based on the ISO 4049 recommendations. The data were analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA/Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: Surface roughness significantly increased after immersion in AS and LCM, with no significant differences between the groups either before or after immersion. The ΔE* was not significantly different between the groups. All substances produced a ΔWID higher than the 50%:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. The WS and SL were not significantly affected by the mouth rinses. Conclusion: Whitening mouth rinses did not affect WS, SL, surface roughness, and color stability of a nanofilled composite, regardless of the presence of ethanol in the composition

Diferença de cor entre resinas compostas de marcas comerciais diferentes / Color difference between composites of different commercial brands

Este estudo avaliou a cor de duas resinas compostas universais produzidas por diferentes fabricantes. Noventa e seis espécimes das resinas compostas Filtek Z350XT (3M ESPE) e IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent) (n=48 cada) da cor A2E foram confeccionados com 5 mm de diâmetro X 6 mm de altura. Cada camada de 2 mm de espessura de resina inserida foi fotoativada com uma unidade fotoativadora LED com 900 mW/cm2 por 20 s. Os espécimes foram polidos com o sistema Sof-lex Pop-On (3M ESPE). A cor foi aferida com um espectrofotômetro digital portátil Easyshade (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen), com base nos eixos tridimensionais do sistema CIEL*a*b*, e sua diferença entre as resinas foi determinada em cada eixo, calculando o seu respectivo Δ (ΔL*, Δa* e Δb*) e os parâmetros de variação total de cor ΔE* e ΔE00. A diferença de cor entre as resinas em cada eixo foi analisada estatisticamente pelo Teste t de amostras independentes (α=0,05), além de considerar os limiares de 50%:50% de perceptibilidade e aceitabilidade da variação total de cor. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram observadas no ΔL* e no Δb* (p<0,001). Os valores de ΔE foram de três a quatro vezes superiores ao limite de perceptibilidade e em até duas vezes ao limite de aceitabilidade da variação total de cor. Verificou-se que diferenças importantes de cor podem ocorrer em resinas da mesma cor, porém, de fabricantes diferentes. Essas diferenças podem ser visualmente perceptíveis e acima dos limites de aceitabilidade, podendo comprometer o resultado estético da restauração.(AU)

This study assessed the color of two universal composites produced by different manufacturers. Ninety-six specimens of Filtek Z350XT (3M ESPE) and IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent) (n=48 each) colored A2E were made with 5 mm of diameter X 6 mm of height. Each 2 mm-thick composite layer inserted was light cured with a LED light curing unit with 900 mW/cm2 for 20 s. The specimens were polished with Sof-lex Pop-On (3M ESPE). The color was measured with a portable digital spectrophotometer Easyshade (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen) based on the tridimensional axes of the CIEL*a*b* system, and the difference between composites was determined in each axis by determining the respective Δs (ΔL*, Δa* e Δb*), along with the parameters for total color variation ΔE* and ΔE00. The color difference between composite in each axis was analyzed statistically using the t-test (α=0,05), besides considering the 50%:50% thresholds for visual perceptibility and acceptability of total color variation. Statistically significant differences were observed in ΔL* and Δb* (p<0.001). The ΔE values were three to four times higher than the perceptibility threshold and twice higher than the acceptability threshold for total color variation. Relevant color differences may occur in composites of the same color, yet, made by different manufacturers. These differences may be visually perceptible and higher than acceptance limits, and may compromise the esthetic result of dental restorations.(AU)

Perfil dos acidentes de trabalho na indústria da construção civil no oeste de Santa Catarina / Profile of occupational accidents in the civil construction industry in western Santa Catarina / El perfil de accidentes de trabajo en la industria de la construcción civil en el oeste de Santa Catarina

Visou-se analisar o perfil dos acidentes de trabalho notificados ocorridos na Indústria da Construção Civil no Oeste de Santa Catarina entre 2008 e 2015. As 3.345 notificações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST) Regional de Chapecó/SC foram analisadas mediante estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado de associação (α=0,05). 2.572 acidentes foram leves (76,9%), 60 (1,7%) foram mutilantes, 695 (20,7%) foram graves e 18 (0,5%) foram fatais. O tipo de acidente foi associado ao sexo, à faixa etária e à ocupação do trabalhador (p<0,05). Acidentes graves acometeram mais gesseiros e pintores, do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 15 a 17 anos. Por outro lado, proporcionalmente, serventes, mulheres e trabalhadores entre 58 e 67 anos sofreram mais acidentes fatais. Os achados permitem melhor compreender a associação entre o tipo de acidente e as variáveis sociodemográficas do trabalhador e do seu contexto de trabalho, o que é relevante na elaboração de políticas públicas.

We aimed to analyse the profile of work accidents notified to have occurred in the civil construction industry of Western Santa Catarina between 2008 and 2015. The 3,345 notifications from the Notification of Injury Information System and the Worker´s Health Reference Center (CEREST) from the region of Chapecó/SC were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test of association (α=0.05). Of the 3,345 accidents, 2,572 were not serious (76.9%), 60 (1.7%) were mutilating, 695 (20.7%) were serious, and 18 (0.5%) were fatal. The type of accident was associated to sex, age range, and occupation (p>0.05). Serious accidents involved more plasterers and painters, male, aged 15-17 years old. On the other hand, proportionally, female labourers, aged 58-67 years old were more susceptible to fatal accidents. The findings allow a better understanding of the association between the type of accident and the socio-demographic variables of the worker and their working environment, which is relevant for the development of public policies.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el perfil de los accidentes de trabajo notificados ocurridos en la industria de la construcción civil en el oeste de Santa Catarina entre 2008 y 2015. Las 3 345 notificaciones del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación y del Centro de Referencia en Salud del Trabajador (CEREST) Regional de Chapecó/SC fueron analizadas a través de estadística descriptiva y prueba chi-cuadrado de asociación (α = 0,05). 2 572 accidentes fueron leves (76,9%), 60 (1,7%) fueron mutiladores, 695 (20,7%) fueron graves y 18 (0,5%) fueron fatales. El tipo de accidente se asociaba al sexo, al grupo de edad ya la ocupación del trabajador (p>0,05). Los accidentes graves acometieron más yeseros y pintores, del sexo masculino, entre 15 y 17 años de edad. Por otro lado, proporcionalmente, peones de mano, mujeres y trabajadores entre 58 y 67 años sufrieron más accidentes fatales. Los hallazgos permiten una mejor comprensión de la relación entre el tipo de accidente y las variables sociodemográficas del trabajador y su contexto laboral, relevante para la creación de políticas públicas.

Gastroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Urera baccifera in rodents.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: The species Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd. (Urticaceae) is native to the Americas and is distributed widely throughout Brazil, where it is known as urtiga-brava, urtiga-vermelha, or urtigão. The leaves are often used as anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic agents and for the treatment of gastric disorders. However, the pharmacological mode of action underlying the gastroprotection induced by this species has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY: To contribute to the knowledge of the gastroprotective mode of action of the hydroalcoholic extract of U. baccifera (HEU) leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antiulcerogenic effect of HEU against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer was evaluated in rats and mice at doses of 3-300 mg/kg. NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), SH blocker (NEM), cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine were used to evaluate the participation of cytoprotective factors in HEU gastroprotection. Moreover, the levels of reduced gluthatione (GSH) and cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL4 and IL-10), as well as the enzymatic activity of gluthatione S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measure. Moreover, the samples were analyzed histologically and the antisecretory capability of HEU were quantified using pylorus ligated rats. RESULTS: The phytochemical analysis of HEU (UPLC/ESI-IT-MS) identified the flavonoids diosmetin and apigenin glucuronide. Furthermore, HEU decreased the occurrence of ethanol-induced ulcers at 30 and 300 mg/kg by 57% and 66%, respectively, compared with the vehicle. The gastroprotective effects were accompanied by increased GSH levels and GST and SOD activity as well as by reduced MPO activity in vivo and in vitro, revealing antioxidant effects and inhibition of neutrophil infiltration. The beneficial effects of 30 and 300 mg/kg HEU were also observed upon histological analyses. Regarding the mode of action, the gastroprotective effect of HEU was abolished by the pre-administration of L-NAME, NEM, indomethacin or yohimbine. Moreover, HEU was able to decrease the IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 in ulcerated tissue, as well as the pepsin activity of the gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats. CONCLUSION: Together, the results confirmed that the gastroprotection elicited by HEU was due reduction in oxidative damage, neutrophil migration, and peptic activity. This work validates the popular use of U. baccifera to treat gastric disorders and supports important future research for the identification of gastroprotective molecules from this species.

In vitro tooth whitening effectiveness of whitening mouth rinses

Regardless of the extensive availability of mouth rinses that claim to whiten teeth, evidence of achievement of such effect is still missing. Aim: Therefore, this study assessed in vitro the whitening effectiveness of whitening mouth rinses. Methods: Sixty intact bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and had their buccal surface flattened and polished. Then, the specimens were randomly allocated to three conventional (Colgate Plax, Cepacol and Listerine Cool Mint) and three whitening mouth rinse groups (Colgate Luminous White, Cepacol Whitening and Listerine Whitening Extreme) (n=10). Following, the specimens were immersed twice a day in the mouth rinses for one minute for 28 days. In between each immersion period, the specimens remained in artificial saliva at 37oC. Color was measured at baseline, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days using a portable spectrophotometer (Easyshade, Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) with a 6 mm of diameter probe. Color change was analyzed considering the parameters of ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b* and, ultimately, ∆E*. The whitening efficacy of the mouth rinses was analyzed using the Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WID). Data of ∆s was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: The type of mouth rinse affected significantly all the ∆ parameters (p<0.05). A non-whitening (conventional) mouth rinse produced the highest ΔE*, followed by the three whitening mouth rinses. The application time also affected ΔE* (p<0.05), with emphasis on the third week of treatment. Only the hydrogen peroxide-containing mouth rinse (Listerine Whitening Extreme) presented a whitening effect, with an increasing trend over time. Conclusion: Although the overall color change was not different when comparing conventional and whitening mouth rinses, the hydrogen peroxide-containing whitening mouth rinse produces an increasing whitening trend over time. Not every mouth rinse that claims to whiten teeth produces the desired effect

Estratégias de defesa contra o sofrimento no trabalho de docentes da pós-graduação stricto sensu / Defensive strategies against suffering at work by stricto sensu postgraduate professors

O estudo objetivou identificar as estratégias de defesa contra o sofrimento no trabalho desenvolvidas por docentes da pós-graduação stricto sensu. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 47 docentes de uma universidade do Sul do Brasil, que responderam a um questionário baseado no Inventário sobre Trabalho e Riscos de Adoecimento, sendo que dois representantes de cada um dos sete programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu da universidade também foram entrevistados. A investigação foi aprovada no Comitê de Ética da instituição e a coleta de dados ocorreu entre outubro de 2018 e março de 2019. Os docentes utilizam, predominantemente, estratégias de defesa individuais, dentre elas a psicoterapia, a religiosidade/espiritualidade e o apoio da família, seguidas, timidamente, de estratégias coletivas, estas centradas na boa relação com os colegas de trabalho e discentes, que são responsáveis por ressignificar as práticas laborais, contudo requerem mais investimento das instituições. Tais achados geram preocupação, uma vez que se entende que é na coletividade que ocorre a cooperação, a relação empática, a dialogicidade e a transformação da realidade laboral.

The study aimed to identify the defensive strategies against suffering at work developed by stricto sensu graduate professors. It was a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Forty-seven professors from a university in the South of Brazil participated, who answered a questionnaire based on the Inventory on Work and Illness Risks, two representatives from each of the university's seven stricto sensu graduate programs were also interviewed. The investigation was approved by the institution's Ethics Committee and data collection took place between October 2018 and March 2019. Professors use, predominantly, individual defense strategies, among them are psychotherapy, religiosity/spirituality and family support, shyly followed by collective strategies, these centered on a good relationship with co-workers and students, who are responsible for giving new meaning to work practices, however they require more investment from the institutions. Such findings generate concern once it is understood that it is in the collectivity that occurs cooperation, empathic relationship, dialogicity, and transformation of work reality.

Oral health condition of elderly people with Parkinson disease / Condição de saúde bucal de idosos com doença de Parkinson

The oral hygiene of individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) is markedly impaired by difficulties in toothbrushing due to motor impairment and tremors. Additionally, it appears that other features associated with PD have an impact on the quality of oral health. Objective: this cross-sectional observational study characterized the oral health condition of individuals with PD. Methods: fifty individuals with PD, aged 53 to 94 years, users of medication for such condition were examined. The research participants had their oral cavities examined to assess prosthetic use and need; index of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT); Community Periodontal Index (CPI); Periodontal Attachment Loss (PAL); and oral mucosa. In addition, a questionnaire was applied to obtain personal data, general health, and oral health. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: a high prosthetic use was observed in the upper arch (92%), while the lower arch revealed high prosthetic need (66%). The DMFT index showed a high number of missing teeth, CPI showed a prevalence of 43% of dental calculus, and PAL revealed 28% of attachment loss of 4-5 mm. The most frequent findings in the assessment of oral mucosa were denture stomatitis and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Conclusion: PD patients refer xerostomia and present high number of missing teeth, a minority of healthy teeth, and oral lesions, representing a target population for specialized oral health care. (AU)

A higiene bucal de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP) é claramente prejudicada por dificuldades na escovação devido ao comprometimento motor e aos tremores. Além disso, outros aspectos relacionados à doença parecem impactar a qualidade da saúde bucal. Objetivo: este estudo observacional seccional caracterizou a condição de saúde bucal de indivíduos com DP. Métodos: foram examinados cinquenta indivíduos com DP, com idades variando entre 53 e 94 anos, que utilizavam medicamentos para DP. Os participantes da pesquisa foram submetidos a exame bucal para avaliar: uso e necessidade de prótese, índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD), Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC), Índice de Perda de Inserção Periodontal (PIP) e mucosa bucal. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário para obtenção de dados pessoais e sobre saúde geral e saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados usando estatística descritiva. Resultados: observou-se alto percentual de uso de prótese superior (92%), enquanto o arco inferior apresentou elevada necessidade de prótese (66%). O CPOD revelou um alto número de dentes perdidos; o IPC apresentou prevalência de 43% de cálculo dentário; e o PIP revelou 28% de perda de inserção de 4-5 mm. Os achados mais frequentes na avaliação da mucosa bucal foram estomatite por dentadura e hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória. Conclusão: os indivíduos com DP mencionam xerostomia, apresentam alto número de dentes faltantes, um número reduzido de dentes saudáveis e lesões bucais, representando uma população-alvo para o cuidado de saúde bucal especializado. (AU)

Antiproliferative Effect of Urera baccifera Leaves Against Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Line (OVCAR-3)

Abstract Natural products, especially phytochemicals, have been extensively studies and have exhibited important antiproliferative effects. The American native species Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd. (Urticaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil, where it is known as urtiga-vermelha or urtigão. The leaves are popularly used as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and in the treatment of gastric disorders. However, the antiproliferative potential of this plant against human tumor cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative effects of U. baccifera leaves extracts and fractions against a panel of human tumor cell lines in vitro besides a chemical evaluation of the most active sample by mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MSn). The hydroalcoholic extract was inactive while dichloromethane extract showed moderate cytostatic activity against ovarian carcinoma cell line (OVCAR-3, GI50 = 1.5 μg/mL). More, the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions did not show important activity against tumour cell while the dichloromethane and hexane fractions showed moderate cytostatic activity against ovarian tumor cell line (OVCAR-3, GI50 = 12.7 and 9.4 μg/mL, respectively). Finally, the chemical profile evaluated by mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MSn) allowed the detection of flavonoids in the HEU and hydroxylated fatty acid in DEU that can explain partially the biological effects observed. This is the first report of the antiproliferative effects of U. baccifera, and DEU has shown potential as a promising source of bioactive compounds.

Oral health profile of participants of an elderly cohabitation program in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Perfil de saúde bucal dos participantes de um programa de convivência de idosos em Santa Catarina, Brasil

Abstract Introduction Cohabitation and social interaction programs have been shown to enhance several aspects of the quality of life of the elderly. Objective This observational study assessed the oral health and oral health perception of participants of an elderly cohabitation program in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Material and method Calibrated dental students examined/interviewed 235 participants of the program. The oral examination considered Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Periodontal Attachment Loss (PAL), use and need of prostheses, and presence of oral mucosal lesions. Oral health perception was verified with the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square test (α=0.05). Result The mean DMFT index was 24.3 teeth, with emphasis on the 'Missing' category. Upper and lower prosthetic needs were 53.6 and 71.1%, respectively. Fifty-five per cent of participants presented oral mucosal lesions. Moderate oral health perception prevailed (43%), with mean GOHAI score of 29.9. The negative perception on physical and pain/discomfort dimensions was statistically associated with lower prosthetic need (p<0.05). Conclusion The participants of the cohabitation program presented poor oral health and prevalence of moderate oral health perception. Lower prosthetic need was associated with negative perception.

Resumo Introdução Programas de convívio e interação social tem melhorado vários aspectos da qualidade de vida de idosos. Objetivo Este estudo observacional avaliou a saúde bucal e a percepção de saúde bucal de participantes de um programa de convívio de idosos em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Material e método Duzentos e trinta e cinco participantes do programa Cidade do Idoso foram examinados/entrevistados por estudantes calibrados. O exame bucal considerou: índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPO-D), Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC), índice de Perda de Inserção Periodontal (PIP), uso e necessidade de prótese e presença de lesões de mucosa bucal. A percepção de saúde bucal foi verificada pelo Índice de Avaliação de Saúde Bucal Geriátrica (GOHAI). Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado (α=0,05). Resultado O CPO-D médio foi de 24,3 dentes, com ênfase à categoria 'perdidos'. Necessidade de prótese superior e inferior correspondeu a 53,6 e 71,1%, respectivamente; 55% apresentaram lesões de mucosa bucal. Uma percepção de saúde bucal moderada prevaleceu (43%), com um escore médio do GOHAI de 29,9. Uma percepção negativa nas dimensões física e dor/desconforto foi estatisticamente associada com a necessidade de prótese inferior (p<0,05). Conclusão Os participantes do programa Cidade do Idoso apresentaram uma saúde bucal precária e uma percepção de saúde bucal predominantemente moderada. A necessidade de prótese inferior foi associada a uma percepção negativa de saúde bucal.

Objective criteria for assessment of the quality of dental restorations improve student's critics towards the treatment assignment: a randomized controlled trial / Critérios objetivos para avaliar a qualidade de restaurações dentárias aumentam a crítica de estudantes acerca do tratamento designado: um ensaio randomizado controlado

Introduction: Objective parameters may help the decision of how to manage existing dental restorations in patients. Objective: This study tested the following hypotheses: i) teaching objective criteria to dental students enhances their criticism toward the indication for replacement of dental restorations; and ii) a complementary practical approach enhances the proportion of correctly indicated treatments compared with a strictly theoretical approach. Method: This block-randomized controlled trial involved dental students from a Brazilian university who were randomized to either a didactic/theoretical class group (A, control) or a didactic/theoretical class followed by practical training (group B); both conditions were applied in a moodle-based environment. The proportion of correctly indicated interventions before and after teaching the criteria was compared with using Mann-Whitney U-test (p<0.05), and a comparison between the approaches was established with Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). Result: The baseline proportion of correct assignments significantly increased after interventions for both groups (p=0.02), with no significant difference between the interventions (p=0.871). Conclusion: The proposed online training enhanced the proportion of correct assignments to restorations, confirming the first study hypothesis. The second hypothesis was rejected because differences between the strategies had no effect on the proportion of correct answers. Focusing on teaching objective criteria for assessment of the quality of restorations would enhance students' ability to correctly treat them.

Introdução: Parâmetros objetivos podem auxiliar a decisão de como lidar com restaurações existentes em pacientes. Objetivo: Este estudo testou as hipóteses que seguem: i) o ensino de critérios objetivos a estudantes de odontologia melhora sua crítica acerca da indicação para substituição de restaurações; e ii) uma abordagem prática complementar aumenta a proporção de tratamentos indicados corretamente comparada com uma abordagem estritamente teórica. Método: Este ensaio randomizado em bloco controlado envolveu estudantes de odontologia de uma universidade brasileira que foram randomizados para um grupo que recebeu uma aula teórica (A, controle) ou uma aula teórica seguida por um treinamento prático (grupo B); ambas as intervenções foram aplicadas em um ambiente moodle . A proporção de restaurações indicadas corretamente antes e depois do ensino dos critérios foi comparada com o teste U de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05), e a comparação entre as intervenções foi estabelecida com o teste de Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Resultado: A proporção de indicações corretas aumentou significativamente após as intervenções para ambos os grupos (p=0,02), sem diferença significativa entre as intervenções (p=0,871). Conclusão: O treinamento online proposto aumentou a proporção de indicações corretas às restaurações, confirmando a primeira hipótese do estudo. A segunda hipótese foi rejeitada visto que as diferenças entre as intervenções não tiveram efeito na proporção de respostas corretas. O foco no ensino de parâmetros objetivos para avaliação da qualidade das restaurações pode aumentar a habilidade dos estudantes de tratá-las corretamente.

Denture disinfection using Salvia officinalis L: microbial load and selected properties of PMMA

Denture use may aggravate the occurrence of oral infections, considering it enhances microbial adherence. Aim: This study assessed the reduction of microbial loads of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca by disinfecting the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of complete dentures with hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis. Additionally, the effect of such extract on the properties of PMMA was examined. Methods: Microorganisms were isolated from saliva samples collected from complete denture wearers. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis was produced according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 5. The PMMA specimens (n=188) were immersed in microbial inoculum and incubated at 37°C for 16 hours per day. Then, they were subjected to a disinfection protocol for 30 days. The specimens were divided into five treatment groups: sterile saline solution (0.85%; control), 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate, and hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis (0.2%, 0.8%, and 1.16%). Microorganism adherence to the PMMA surface was also assessed, as well as surface roughness (Ra in µm) and color stability of the PMMA (mean ΔE). Changes in microbial load and surface roughness after the disinfection protocol were verified with paired t-test. Substances at day 10, adherence, and color stability were compared by the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare substances at the beginning and end of the experiment (α=0.05). Results: The 1.16% S. officinalis extract significantly reduced the microbial load of all the microorganisms after 30 days of disinfection (p<0.05). The microbial load of K. oxytoca was also reduced at lower concentrations of the S. officinalis extract (0.2% and 0.8%) (p<0.02). Antimicrobial and anti-adherent effects against microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity were observed. There was no significant change in surface roughness (p>0.05) and color stability was significantly higher in the control group (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis may be used as a disinfectant solution for dentures

Influence of polishing on surface roughness following toothbrushing wear of composite resins.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of composite resins following procedures to simulate the effects of toothbrushing over time. Four currently available commercial composites were used to make 128 cylindrical specimens. The specimens were randomly allocated to polishing with a 1-step polisher or 1 of 3 multistep polishers (n = 8 per group). The baseline surface roughness was measured, and the specimens were submitted to 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 brushing cycles to represent toothbrushing throughout 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Results showed that surface roughness was influenced by the type of composite and polishing system and was not influenced by the simulated toothbrushing time. However, the surface roughness, as challenged by toothbrushing wear, was affected by the interaction among the composite, the polisher, and the toothbrushing time. The 1-step polisher produced the highest surface roughness and influenced toothbrushing wear resistance of some composites.

Fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars restored with horizontal fiberglass posts or indirect techniques.

BACKGROUND: Because of the many possibilities for endodontically restoring the posterior teeth and the high prevalence of restoration failures, this topic continues to be of major concern. A composite resin (CR) restoration reinforced by a horizontal fiberglass post may improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. The authors investigated this possibility by comparing the fracture resistance of molars restored with direct techniques with that of molars restored with indirect techniques. METHODS: The authors divided 50 extracted sound third molars into 5 groups: sound teeth, onlay (ON), inlay (IN), direct CR, and transfixed fiberglass post (TFP) plus direct CR. The authors performed standardized mesio-occlusodistal cavity preparations and endodontic treatments. The authors cemented indirect restorations of Lava Ultimate (3M ESPE) adhesively in the ON and IN groups. The authors restored CR group teeth directly with Filtek Z230 XT (3M ESPE). In the TFP group, the authors transfixed 2 fiberglass posts horizontally and restored the teeth directly with CR. Thereafter, the authors submitted the teeth to cyclic fatigue loading with 500,000 cycles at 200 newtons. The authors tested fracture resistance in newtons in a universal testing machine. The authors analyzed data with 1-way analysis of variance and a Tukey test (P < .05). RESULTS: Sound teeth had the highest fracture resistance. ON had the highest recovery of resistance, followed by TFP. CR had the lowest recovery, which was similar to that of IN. CONCLUSIONS: Endodontically treated molars restored with TFP plus CR had fracture resistance similar to those restored with ON, which was higher than that for IN or CR only. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Horizontal TFPs placed inside a composite restoration had the same performance as did ON restorations.

Tooth whitening recovers the color of pre-stained composites

Aim: To assess the effect of home-whitening on aged and stained composite. Methods: Fifteen disc-shaped specimens (10 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) of Filtek Z350XT, shade A2E were fabricated, polished and embedded in wax, leaving exposed the top surface. The specimens were allocated to three groups (n=5): A ­ the specimens remained dry; B ­ conditioning in distilled water and; C ­ conditioning in distilled water and coffee. They were next subjected to whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect) for 4 h daily for 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Shade was measured with a spectrophotometer Easyshade and expressed based on the CIE L*a*b* system (ΔE*). Surface roughness was measured with a roughness meter (Ra-µm). Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: Conditioning, grouping and the interaction between both, influenced the ΔE* (p<0.0001), which exceeded the 3.3 threshold for visible color change after conditioning of Group C in black coffee. Whitening for 1 week significantly reduced ΔE* in this group. There were no significant changes in surface roughness. Conclusions: Home-whitening did not alter significantly the color of the nanocomposite, except when it was previously stained. One-week whitening was sufficient to recover color change to an acceptable level (Au)

Surface roughness and maintenance of surface sealants for resin composites after toothbrushing.

PURPOSES: (1) To evaluate in vitro the surface roughness of a resin composite covered with three surface sealants and submitted to simulated toothbrushing for different periods; (2) Verify, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the presence of surface sealants after simulated toothbrushing; and (3) To evaluate whether the type of dentifrice influences the maintenance of the surface sealant. The study hypothesis was that neither variable would influence the surface roughness of the composite and the maintenance of the surface sealant. METHODS: 108 specimens were prepared with the resin Amelogen Plus, and divided into six groups (n = 18) according to the type of surface sealant [Fortify (F), BisCover LV (B) and Permaseal (P)] and toothpaste [Total 12 Clean Mint (CT) and Colgate Total 12 Professional Whitening (PW)]. The samples were subjected to brushing cycles, simulating periods of 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. After each period, the surface roughness of the samples was measured. An additional group of 48 samples was prepared for SEM analysis. The results were analyzed by ANOVA with three fixed variables (sealants, time and toothpaste) and by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: BisCover had the lowest mean surface roughness (0.06 µm) compared with the sealants Fortify (0.09 µm) and Permaseal (0.08 µm), which were not statistically different. Fortify, at 12 months of brushing, had the highest mean roughness (0.13 µm). The mean roughness for the dentifrice CT was lower (0.07 µm) when compared with PW (0.08 µm) and was statistically different. Roughness increased up to 12 months of simulated brushing (0.04 µm, 0.08 µm and 0.11 µm), decreasing from the 18th month (0.08 µm) to the 24th month of brushing (0.07 µm). None of the sealants was observed (with SEM) to be completely removed from the resin at 24 months of brushing.